Alkanes
Summary:
- Simplest organic molecules with only C and H atoms.
- Contain only C-C and C-H σ bonds
- Commercially important as fuels and oils.
Summary:
| Functional group suffix = -ane Functional group prefix = alkyl- | e.g. CH3CH3 = ethane e.g. CH3CH2- = ethyl |
Physical Properties:
The low polarity of all the bonds in alkanes means that the only intermolecular forces between molecules of alkanes are the very weak induced dipole - induced dipole forces. These forces are easily overcome. As a result, in comparison with other functional groups, alkanes tend to have low melting and boiling points and very low solubility in polar solvents such as water (remember "oil and water don't mix" and the adage "like dissolves like").
The low polarity of all the bonds in alkanes means that the only intermolecular forces between molecules of alkanes are the very weak induced dipole - induced dipole forces. These forces are easily overcome. As a result, in comparison with other functional groups, alkanes tend to have low melting and boiling points and very low solubility in polar solvents such as water (remember "oil and water don't mix" and the adage "like dissolves like").
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